IP, phone home: The uneasy relationship between copyright and privacy, illustrated in the laws of Hong Kong and Australia

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Enhancement of near-cloaking. Part II: the Helmholtz equation

The aim of this paper is to extend the method of improving cloaking structures in the conductivity to scattering problems. We construct very effective near-cloaking structures for the scattering problem at a fixed frequency. These new structures are, before using the transformation optics, layered structures and are designed so that their first scattering coefficients vanish. Inside the cloaking region, any target has near-zero scattering cross section for a band of frequencies. We analytically show that our new construction significantly enhances the cloaking effect for the Helmholtz equation.Comment: 16pages, 12 fugure

Electromagnetic wormholes via handlebody constructions

Cloaking devices are prescriptions of electrostatic, optical or electromagnetic parameter fields (conductivity $\sigma(x)$, index of refraction $n(x)$, or electric permittivity $\epsilon(x)$ and magnetic permeability $\mu(x)$) which are piecewise smooth on $\mathbb R^3$ and singular on a hypersurface $\Sigma$, and such that objects in the region enclosed by $\Sigma$ are not detectable to external observation by waves. Here, we give related constructions of invisible tunnels, which allow electromagnetic waves to pass between possibly distant points, but with only the ends of the tunnels visible to electromagnetic imaging. Effectively, these change the topology of space with respect to solutions of Maxwell's equations, corresponding to attaching a handlebody to $\mathbb R^3$. The resulting devices thus function as electromagnetic wormholes.Comment: 25 pages, 6 figures (some color

Computer program for calculation of oxygen uptake

A description and operational precedures are presented for a computer program, written in Super Basic, that calculates oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, and related ventilation parameters. Program features include: (1) the option of entering slope and intercept values of calibration curves for the O2 and CO2 and analyzers; (2) calculation of expired water vapor pressure; and (3) the option of entering inspured O2 and CO2 concentrations. The program is easily adaptable for programmable laboratory calculators

China's Copyright Public Domain: A Comparison with Australia

A definition of the copyright public domain by Greenleaf and Bond, based on the question ‘what can users do with works, without obtaining the permission of a copyright owner?,’ and a resulting analysis of it as being comprised by fifteen distinct categories of ‘public rights’, has previously been proposed as necessary and sufficient to describe Australia’s copyright public domain. This article uses this approach to compare Australia’s copyright public domain with that of the very different social and legal system of the People’s Republic of China, and finds that, compared with Australia, China’s public domain appears rather narrow, at least when only formal legal sources are compared. Out of the eight categories where the two countries differ significantly, Australia’s copyright public domain is stronger in five. The public domain in modern Chinese copyright law is, not unexpectedly, somewhat different from that found in a ‘western’ country such as Australia, but not in the radical way that could be naively expected to stem from arguments concerning China’s traditional philosophy, or its socialist modern history. The harmonising effects of international treaties and the pressures of international trade are the most obvious reason for the relatively high degree of homogeneity. This comparison also suggests that the definition of the copyright public domain used requires modification in order to include China’s opt-out provisions in relation to free use exceptions and collective licences. However, the comparison does not suggest that any new public domain categories are needed.postprin

Schrodinger's Hat: Electromagnetic, acoustic and quantum amplifiers via transformation optics

The advent of transformation optics and metamaterials has made possible devices producing extreme effects on wave propagation. Here we give theoretical designs for devices, Schr\"odinger hats, acting as invisible concentrators of waves. These exist for any wave phenomenon modeled by either the Helmholtz or Schr\"odinger equations, e.g., polarized waves in EM, pressure waves in acoustics and matter waves in QM, and occupy one part of a parameter space continuum of wave-manipulating structures which also contains standard transformation optics based cloaks, resonant cloaks and cloaked sensors. For EM and acoustic Schr\"odinger hats, the resulting centralized wave is a localized excitation. In QM, the result is a new charged quasiparticle, a \emph{quasmon}, which causes conditional probabilistic illusions. We discuss possible solid state implementations.Comment: 36 pages, 3 figure

Effects of Hypohydration on Work Performance and Tolerance to plus Gz Acceleration in Man

Hypohydration effects on work performance and tolerance to acceleration stress in ma

Utilising AI in the legal assistance sector: Testing a role for Legal Information Institutes

Copyright © 2019 for this paper by its authors. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in law has again become of great interest to lawyers and government. Legal Information Institutes (LIIs) have played a significant role in the provision of legal information via the web. The concept of ‘free access to law’ is not static, and its principles now require a LII response to the renewed prominence of AI, possibly to include improving and expanding free access to legal advice. This paper proposes, and proposes to test, one approach that LIIs might take in the use of AI (specifically, ‘decision support’ or ‘intelligent assistance’ (IA) technologies), an approach that leverages the very large legal information assets that some LIIs have built over the past two decades. This approach focuses on how LIIs can assist providers of free legal advice (the ‘legal assistance sector’) to serve their clients. We consider the constraints that the requirement of ‘free’ imposes (on both the legal assistance sector and on LIIs), including on what types of free legal advice systems are sustainable, and what roles LIIs may realistically play in the development of such a ‘commons of free legal advice’. We suggest guidelines for development of such systems. The AI-related services and tools that the Australasian Legal Information Institute (AustLII) is providing (the ‘DataLex’ platform) are outlined

Legal information institutes and AI: Free access legal expertise

© 2019 The authors and IOS Press. The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in law has again become of great interest to lawyers and government. Legal Information Institutes (LIIs) have played a significant role in the provision of legal information via the Web. The concept of 'free access to law' is not static, and its principles now require a LII response to the renewed prominence of AI, possibly to include improving and expanding free access to legal advice. This overview of one approach, from justification to implementation, considers the potential for AI-aided free legal advice, its likely providers, and its importance to legal professionalism. The constraints that 'free' imposes lead to the potential roles LIIs may realistically play, and suggested guidelines for development of sustainable systems by free access providers. The AI-related services and tools that the Australasian Legal Information Institute (AustLII) is providing (the 'DataLex' platform) are outlined. Finally, ethical (or governance) issues LIIs need to address are discussed

Inverse problems with partial data for a magnetic Schr\"odinger operator in an infinite slab and on a bounded domain

In this paper we study inverse boundary value problems with partial data for the magnetic Schr\"odinger operator. In the case of an infinite slab in $R^n$, $n\ge 3$, we establish that the magnetic field and the electric potential can be determined uniquely, when the Dirichlet and Neumann data are given either on the different boundary hyperplanes of the slab or on the same hyperplane. This is a generalization of the results of [41], obtained for the Schr\"odinger operator without magnetic potentials. In the case of a bounded domain in $R^n$, $n\ge 3$, extending the results of [2], we show the unique determination of the magnetic field and electric potential from the Dirichlet and Neumann data, given on two arbitrary open subsets of the boundary, provided that the magnetic and electric potentials are known in a neighborhood of the boundary. Generalizing the results of [31], we also obtain uniqueness results for the magnetic Schr\"odinger operator, when the Dirichlet and Neumann data are known on the same part of the boundary, assuming that the inaccessible part of the boundary is a part of a hyperplane